提一个简单的问题：什么是lecture？回答：演讲。它翻译成中文是演讲，牛津说：lecture is a talk that is given to a group of people to teach them about a particular subject, often as part of a university or college course. 我们的希望出来了，所有的lecture本来就是讲述一个学生不知道的知识点，*老师的嘴巴来解释让你能明白这个知识点，这才是lecture。共同的一个pattern就是让听者从不懂到懂的一个过程。
In many ways, Mary is a model student. Mary studies hard and is always there to help her classmates with their homework. In her spare time, she does volunteering in a community center on a regular basis. She also devotes her time to helping her mother with house chores.
这是一段典型的演绎法范例。先给出结论说Mary是个模范学生，接着举例来证明她为什么是个好学生。
归纳法 inductive method
Mary studies hard and is always there to help her classmates with their homework. In her spare time, she does volunteering in a community center on a regular basis. She also devotes her time to helping her mother with house chores. In many ways, Mary is a model student.
我们来看几个例子：
TPO1 Lecture1
7. What does the professor say about Frantzen’s painting of a farm scene?
A. It resembles a photograph.
B. It may be Frantzen’s best-know painting.
C. It was painted in the Impressionist style.
D. It was painted while Frantzen lived abroad
Listening Script 1 Contemporary art
Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a contemporary art class.
Professor:
Good. So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting.
It’s a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzen’s style（Topic sentence）. It’s an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. It’s kind of bleak, which you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors aren’t quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well, in a natural… pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foreground is blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak, winter day on a farm. (supporting details) So that’s the impressionist side of her work.
TPO6 Lecture4
13. Not long ago, the Sahara had a different climate. What evidence does the professor mention to support this?
Click on three answers
A. ancient pollen
B. bones from large animals
C. rock paintings
D. agriculture in ancient Egypt
E. underground water
Listening Script 4
Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an earth science class.
Okay, in principal they could, Karl. But the rock paintings aren’t the only evidence. Beneath the Sahara are huge aquifers, basically a sea of fresh water, that’s perhaps a million years old filtered through rock layers. And…er…and then there is fossilized pollen, from low shrubs and grasses that once grew in the Sahara. In fact these plants still grow, er…but hundreds of miles away, in more vegetated areas. (supporting details). Anyway, it’s this fossilized pollen along with the aquifers and the rock paintings, these three things are all evidence that the Sahara was once much greener than it is today（Topic sentence）, that there were hippos and probably elephants and giraffes and so on.
TPO10 Lecture1
11. What does DNA evidence indicate about relationships among whales?
A. All modern whales descend from sperm whales
B. Differences among toothed whales are less significant that was previously thought
C. Not all toothed whales are closely related
D. Sperm whale are more closely related to killer whales than was previously thought
广州智美教育—官网
