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上海新航道教育培训学校学校新闻>【上海新航道学校】托福阅读的四大逻辑关系
  1.因果关系
  因:because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with
  果:so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, coequently, accordingly
  因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外,隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。
  隐性因果:
  A 导致(因-果):cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, push, stimulate, ark, ur, fuel, produce, be reoible for
  B 由……而来(果-因):result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be reoive to, be attributable to
  C 反映,体现(果-因):reflect, present, demotrate, suggest, imply, show This result demotrates that&helli
  D 考虑到:given, coidering, in view of, thanks to, according to He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.
  E 依赖于:rely on, depend on, resort to, He resorted to books when he had problems.
  F 条件关系:when, once, as soon as, as long as As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.
  G 分词短语,不定式做状语:Failing in the final exam, she cried.
  2.对比转折关系
  A 对比:while, whereas, on the other hand
  在解释句子题、插入句子题中,一旦出现对比关系,学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While, whereas 前后连接的是平行结构,on the other hand前必定有on one hand,可以用来把握句间关系。
  B 转折:but, although, deite, in ite of, neverthele, however
  转折是托福阅读的一个经典考点之一,掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。
  3.比较关系
  A 同级比较 ahellias
  B 比较级:more&hellithan, -er than, lehellithan
  C 变化:change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progre, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain
  D 差异:different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare&hellito E 超越:surpa, exceed, excel, over
  F *高级 1)本身有*高级含义:maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top 2) 本身程度比较深:amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high 3) 否定+比较=*高级 No one is more outstanding than him.
  从这句话中可以看出,否定加比较表示的是一种*高级关系。
  4.否定关系
  显性否定:no, not, never, nor, none neither 隐形否定:fail to, refuse, remove, reject, aence of, lack of 否定前缀:a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un- 否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点,把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词,依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。
  双重否定:not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable 双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式,由于在平时中文对话中用的很少,随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。
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