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广州朗阁英语培训学校学校新闻>【朗阁教育】雅思小作文Table写作技巧,附案例解析
  雅思写作要想取得理想的分数,小作文必须要:
  快:控制在20分钟以内
  准:准确且有逻辑地对数据进行分析
  稳:稳定地将分析好的数据表达出来
  积土成山非斯须之作,20分钟之内完成的小作文也须有逻辑性地分析和指导。表格题在几乎每月两次的频率之下成为重点考察对象。下面就以剑桥真题为例,对这一类别的小作文写法进行详细说明。
  框架
  文章形成之初,考生内心须生出框架,作为整个文章的支撑。我们将180字的小作文(官方要求数据为150字)分为三个部分(当然并不等于三个段落):
  Introduction,Main body and Conclusion。
  1).Introduction
  首段为介绍段,需要告诉考官整个文章的内容,是关于什么样的数据的表格题,而题目恰恰是告诉我们这个内容的,所以*为节约时间且正确的写作方法就是对题目进行paraphrase。
  表格图可以分为两种题型:一静态图,仅对数据进行表述,不涉及数据的变化,以C4T1为例:
  TEST 1:The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.
  此题仅对数据特征进行描述,不包含动态变化过程,所以在对题目进行改写时中心词为百分比:proportion,percentage,rate and breakdown。改写包含两部分:同义词替换和句式改写,目标为不能错过信息点,需要所有的信息点完整。以下为改写后的题目:
  The table chart reveals the breakdown of different kinds of impoverished families in Australia in 1999.
  另一种为数据变化图,涉及数据的改变,以C10T2为例:
  TEST 2:The table below gives information about sales of Fairtrade-labelled coffee and bananas in 1999 and 2004 in five European countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.
  此题目涉及数据变化,为动态表格,所以对数据进行描写时中心词为change,改写依然包括同义词替换和句式改写,当然信息点不可缺少。以下为改写后的题目:
  The charts reveal the change in the amount of Fairtrade-labelled coffee and bananas sold in 5 European countries during the period from 1999 to 2004.
  2).Main body
  主体部分需要对数据进行逻辑分析,并不仅仅是对考官罗列的数据完全描述。针对于*种情况,由于不涉及数据的变化,我们只需对数据进行分类,在分好的类别内进行对比比较描写就好。分类的*步为排序,可根据需要按照从小到大或从大到小的顺序进行,若有平均值,则平均值为切入点。若是图表当中给予过多数据,则须选取主要信息进行描写,主要信息包含:*值、*小值、特殊关系的值(half,double,triple and fourfold)。
  *类:以C4T1为例,如上图,本表格*后一行为all households,所有的家庭类别,此为平均值,所以11%为我们的切入点。按照从大到小的顺序将整个表格的数据排列出来为:
  sole parent;single,no children
  couple with children,couple without children
  single aged person,aged couple
  根据排列好的数据,自然而然就将数据分成三部分进行描述(主体部分为三个段落)。
  第二类:以C10T2为例,涉及数据变化量
  如上图,本题共有两个图表,则每个图表为主体部分的一个段落。如果按照以上思路,先就每一列进行排序描写,则一个图中的5个国家都要进行两遍描写,太过重复,所以针对于有数据变化的表格,可就变化量从大到小进行排序,则两个表格分别排序如下:
  *个Table:
  UK
  Switzerland
  Denmark,Sweden
  Belgium
  第二个Table:
  Switzerland,UK
  Belgium(上升)
  Sweden
  Denmark(下降)
  排序后分类明显,图一根据变化量的多少可分为四个类别,而图二根据上升或下降自然而然分为两类,这些分类决定了段落句子与句子之间的构成。此为主体部分的分析部分,不同的表格题型采取不同的分析方法。
  3).Conclusion
  结尾段为总结总体特征,依然以两种表格为例。
  C4T1不涉及数据变化,可以只总结总体特征,比如说所占比*的是谁,比例*少的是哪个单项,或者将各项分类进行对比。
  那么本题我们可如此总结:
  Overall,the table suggests that households of single adult and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.
  C10T2因涉及数据变化,且有两个图表,总结段就需总结总体特征,即图一和图二之间的关系,本题可如此总结:
  Overall,it is clear that sales figures for both products had risen across the board,except for Sweden and Denmark which recorded drops in banana sales during the 5 years.
  以上为文章的框架,有了框架的支撑才能准确稳定地往里填充内容。而从改写完题目到分析完数据,大概花费考生4~5分钟的时间。接下来,就是将分析好的数据用比较地道的语言表达出来。
  内容填充先从句式开始。C4T1因不涉及数据变化,在表达时通常先说明特征,再列举数据:
  Couples generally tended to be better off,with lower poverty level for couples without children(7%)than those with children(12%).Older people were generally less likely to be poor,though once again the trend favored elderly couples(only 4%)rather than single elderly people(6%).
  以上两个句子,虽然都包含特征和数据两种信息,但却是两种句式:简单句和复合句。
  而数据列举经常运用的句式还包括:
  1).It做形式主语的主语从句:It is noticeable that for both types of couples with children,a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.
  2).Than用来表对比:
  Households of single adult and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.
  C10T2因涉及数据变化及数据对比,常用的为4大句式:
  The sales of coffee in UK increased from 1.5 million euros in t999 to 20 million in 2004.The UK experienced an increase in the sales of coffee from 1.5 million euros in 1999 to 20 million in 2004.The 5 years witnessed an increase in the sales of coffee from 1.5 million euros in 1999 to 20 million in 2004.There was an increase in the sales of coffee from 1.5 million euros in 1999 to 20 million in 2004.
  除了此常用句式之外,还有表示对比比较的句式:
  In two places sales increased by the same small amount:1.8~2 million euros in Denmark,and 0.8-1 million in Sweden.The increment was slightly larger in Belgium,from 1~1.7 million euros.
  以上为常用句式。在句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间加上适当的连接词,让句子之间的关系更加明确,段落与段落联系得更加紧密,这便是一篇符合官方评分标准的文章了,而整篇文章的表达时间要控制在15分钟之内,这样考生才可在20分钟内完成一篇逻辑清晰、表达地道的小作文。
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